Overview
PT-141, scientifically known as bremelanotide, is a synthetic peptide derived from the hormone alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Unlike other sexual dysfunction treatments that work on the vascular system, PT-141 acts on the nervous system through melanocortin receptors.
Mechanism of Action
PT-141 works by activating melanocortin receptors, particularly MC3R and MC4R, in the central nervous system. These receptors are involved in regulating sexual arousal, desire, and behavior at the neurological level rather than through vascular mechanisms.
FDA Approval
In June 2019, the FDA approved bremelanotide (Vyleesi) for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. It is administered via subcutaneous injection at least 45 minutes before anticipated sexual activity.
Research History
PT-141 was originally developed during research on melanocortin-based tanning agents. Researchers unexpectedly discovered its effects on sexual function during early clinical trials, leading to focused development for this indication.
Side Effects
Common side effects reported in clinical trials include:
- Nausea (most common)
- Flushing
- Headache
- Injection site reactions
- Transient increase in blood pressure
Research Status
While approved for HSDD in women, research continues into other potential applications. The peptide remains of interest in the scientific community for understanding melanocortin system involvement in sexual function.